P-1. Hydrozyl Impurities in Quartz Crystals and Their Radiation-Induced Dynamics
Harish Bahadur, National Physical Laboratory, India

In the present day technology, crystalline quartz is used in a variety of electronic devices including crystal oscillator and filters for precision frequency control, clocks for microprocessors, temperature and mass sensors and accelerometers etc. Quartz is grown hydrothermally which results in a variety of hydroxyl defects. Trivalent aluminum is the most pervasive impurity in quartz crystals that substitutionally replaces Si 4+. Other substitutional impurities that a quartz crystal can have are Ge, Fe and Ti etc. The impurity-related point defects get modified when ionizing radiations pass through the bulk of a resonator. The radiation-induced modification of such defects alters of the interatomic forces. This changes the elastic constants and finally the resonance frequency of a crystal resonator. This paper presents our investigations on hydroxyl impurities in a variety of quartz crystals and their radiation-induced dynamics.

We present near infrared absorption measurements (in the region of 3100-3700 cm-1) on quartz crystals to characterize the aluminum- and alkali-related hydroxyl defects in a variety of natural and cultured quartz crystals. Quartz samples were irradiated with electron beam of 1.75 MeV and dose of 2 Mrad at 77 K before and after irradiation at 300 K. While the alkalis in quartz move under irradiation field only if the sample temperature is about or above 200 K, the protons move at all temperatures down to 10 K. Therefore, irradiation at 300 K allows movement of both, protons and alkali ions, thus breaking away the aluminum-alkali centers into a mixture of Al-OH-and Al-hole centers. We have measured the natural quartz crystals with nearly similar Al and widely varying H-levels. For a similar radiation dose at 300 K, contrary to expectation, a lesser number of Al-OH- centers are produced in crystal with higher H-level than the sample with low-H quartz. At the present stage of work, we expect this due to jamming in the kinetics of large number of protons in high-H crystals for steric reasons which prevents them to reach Al-sites after irradiation.

Further, the spectral measurements carried out on a variety of natural and cultured quartz crystals show that besides the conventional growth defect bands in natural as well as cultured material, the presence of a small band at 3595 cm-1 occurs due to the presence of Ti in quartz crystal lattice. Irradiation effects have been reported by irradiating the samples at 77 K before and after 300 K-irradiation .While Ge-doped cultured quartz exhibit the production of some new radiation induced defect bands, the results show that among the two substitutional impurities Ge and Ti in quartz other than the aluminum, the presence of Ti is not as deleterious as Ge. Results have been discussed in terms of fundamental considerations governing the radiation induced defect dynamics of point defects in crystalline quartz.

P-6. Cooperative Double Blind Study of Pseudomonads and Related Organisms
Micah Krichevsky (Presenter), Bionomics International, USA
Paul De Vos, University of Gent, Belgium
Surang Dejsirilert, National Institute of Health, Thailand
Deborah Henry, University of British Columbia, Research Centre, Canada
Jorge Lalucat, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain
Edward Moore, The Macaulay Research Institute, Scotland, U.K.
Masoumeh Sikaroodi, George Mason University, Prince William Campus, USA
Jane Tang, American Type Culture Collection, USA
Sue Whitehead, Children's & Women's Hospital of BC, Canada
Hans Yu, Health Canada, Biotechnology Section, Canada
Yuguang Zhou, CAS, China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiolgy, China

"The identification of an organism and data to substantiate its identity is one of the critical building blocks that form the basis for risk-based assessment of biotechnology substances Commercial claims to the contrary, microorganism identification is far from trivial. Proper use of identification techniques may require rigorous analysis and in some circumstances may still be problematic due to difficulties and limitations of the science, and the nature of microorganisms themselves." Operational Plan for OECD Guidance Document: The use of taxonomy in the risk assessment of micro-organisms (Segal and Yu, 2001).

Sponsored by Health Canada, we initiated an international double blind study of isolates of two bacterial genera important in biotechnology, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. One goal is databases to support regulatory deliberations. The databases will associate genera, species, pathovars, serovars, difficult to identify isolates, etc. The primary observations describing the groups and relationships comprise the base data. Analyses yield information on: 1) relationships among known species and hard to identify isolates (of both medical and ecological interest), 2) consistency of characteristics overall and within groups, and 3) a median set of characteristics for further analyses.

The study is not a taxonomic study, per se. Rather, it is disclosure of the consistency (or lack thereof) of the ability to identify these bacteria by laboratories with differing missions and expertise. All participating laboratories have extensive experience with their methodologies and the organisms in question. The participating laboratories vary widely in mission and location.
The central coordinating laboratory (CCC) distributes the cultures to the seven laboratories labelled with unique random numbers. The results are collected and analyzed by the Principal Investigator (PI). The CCC and the PI are independent of the data generation. The data are normalized using a standardized controlled vocabulary and imported into a single object-oriented data management system.

The main aims of the study are to:
1. Ascertain ability to identify to "species" or below
2. Find features robust to error and differing methodologies
3. Delineate useful methods of identification protocols

Not among the aims are:
1. Compare (evaluate) laboratories
2. Standardize test procedures

P-7. Factual Database of Native Flora Seeds in the Korean Peninsula
Hong-Gi Jang, Sang-Uk Chon, Byoung-Sik Pyo & Sun-Min Kim
Biotechnology Industrialization Center, Dongshin University, Korea
Sook-Young Lee, The Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Dongshin University, Korea
Hyung-Seon Park, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korea

Each combination of climate, soil and topography has its own characteristic type of plants and each area has its own unique plant species. Korea has a humid, temperate, East Asian monsoonal climate with rainfall heavier in summer than winter, and is geo-morphologically characterized by abundant hills and mountains, which occupy 70 % of its territory. Facing with knowledge-based and technology-oriented society, construction of infrastructure for valuable genetic resources from plant seeds would be the key of biotechnology in the 21st century. Seeds from 600 common plants including weeds, crop plants, and herbs and resources plants were collected in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula. Seeds collected were carefully stored in refrigerator until use, investigated morphologically, and photographed. The seeds in database were described with color photographs, their taxonomical position, and morphological characteristics. Korean-English bilingual description of the species included Korean name, family, scientific name, English and Japanese common names, habitat, biotechnological importance, distribution, propagation and characters in eco-physiology and keys of correct identification of each plant part such as leaves, stems, roots, fruits and seeds. In describing plant species, difficulties also arise from the variation that occurs within species, depending on where the plant grows under natural or agricultural conditions. Database was converted from MySQL and constructed using a PHP (http://ruby.kisti.re.kr/~seeds).

Key words: Factual database, native flora seeds, plant genetic resources

P-8. Construction of Antibody Database
Dong-Jun Lee & Chan-Seob Shim, ELPIS-BIOTECH, PaiChai University, Korea
Hyung-Seon Park, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), Korea

A number of genome maps has already been completed, and a working draft of entire human genome project was announced years ago. The proteomics is on going study and priority goes to the functional genomic and analysis. Antibody is the one of key factors in immune system, and the importance has given to the researcher's activities on functional analysis of protein. More than 700,000 antibodies are available for the research up to now and more antibodies will be produced in proportion to the rapid growth of biology. Antibodies play an important role in a variety of research areas including biotechnology, medicine and diagnostics. Antibody database has built and the homepage is available at http://ruby.kisti.re.kr/~antibody/english/index.html. This site contained about 3,000 human oncogenes out of 6,000. Totally up to 430,000 antibodies that human have will be accumulated. At the same time, the antibody data including mouse, rabbit and sheep will be stored, respectively. Besides, the basis of epitope sequence analysis using by bioinformatics will be constructed. The main purpose for the construction of database is to provide possible information for new medicine drug design and immuno-chip development for new protein screening and so on forth. This antibody database will have a great effect on deciding future course of protein research.

P-9: Database Construction for the Collective List of Descriptions of Bacterial Isolates from Korea
Oh Hyoung Lee, Department of Biology, Mokpo National University, Korea
Hyung Dae Koh, Department of Multimedia Engineering, Mokpo National University, Korea
Soon Young Park, Department of Electronics Engineering, Mokpo National University, Korea
Hyung-Seon Park, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information, Korea
Kye Jun Lee, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information, Korea

Bacteria are commonly used as tools or materials for productions of industrial substances such as antibiotics, specific enzymes or hormones, and hence comprising the base of high-valued biotechnology. For these reasons, bacteria have been the main targets for worldwide biodiversity competitions to pre-occupy them, and the efforts to find out new bacterial strains are still made all over the world. But the chance to isolate and identify a new bacterium is getting more difficult to obtain nowadays, because not only the process is complicated but also there is huge information to know about the existing bacteria to compare with the coming new one. For the challenging treasure hunter the need for easy way to grasp and figure out all these information is, therefore, beyond description. This is the reason why we are undertaking to construct database for the collective list of bacteria so far isolated from Korea. Here we constructed a computer-aided program to make a formal, comprehensive description about a given strain. It includes the name of strain, the information about the isolation process such as the time, source, purpose, and methods, the general descriptions about morphological, physiological, cultural, biochemical, and molecular biological characteristics of the target microbe, its specific role or function in nature, and the literature site that describes about these.

So far, 348 bacterial strains have been described in the database, and they are being displayed through the Internet with the URL, http://ruby.kisti.re.kr/~microb

P-10. Factual Database of Noctuid Moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera) in Korea
K.T. Park, J.S. Lee & J.Y.Kim, Center for Insect Systematics, Kangwon Nat. Univ. Chuncheon, Korea
K.J. Lee, KISTI, Daejeon, Korea

The insect fauna of the Korean peninsula has not been extensively explored, due to lacks of specialists, representing less than 15,000 species. The first attempt for the factual database of insects in Korea was initiated by KISTI, for some well known groups of Lepidoptera from 2000, including butterflies, noctuid moths, and leaf-rollers. The structure of the database was established with 14 fields, representing general specific informations, including images of adult, taxonomic status, specific bibliography, biological information including collecting data and hosts, worldwide distributional, and etc.

From this year, the project will be focused on the noctuids of Korea (about 1,000 known species), with more detailed informations which can be used more effectively to researchers and general users. All the previously known localities will be transferred into GIS system, and some new informations on localities in North Korea will be added. Also illustrations of the genital figures of all available species will be given for the key of the specific identifications. These informations will be also very helpful guidance for the taxonomic and zoogeographical study, not only for Korean but also for foreign researchers.

P-11. The Date Conversion DB Between Luni-Solar and Solar Calendar in Korea
Young Sook Ahn, Bo Sik Han, Kyung Jin Sim & Du Jong Song, Korea Astronomy Observatory, Korea

Bu Young Ahn, KISTI: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korea
We arrange Korean ancient calendar with Solar calendar day from Koryeo dynasty to Choseon Dynasty(A.D. 918-1910). In this period, we have two representable history books and several books, and most of information for date are found from them, Koryeo-sa(1) and Choseon Wangjosillok(2), etc. In those books many astronomical data and calendar information data are contained. Most of the Luni-solar dates can be converted to the Gregorian dates straightforwardly. But uncertain data are identified and converted with solar eclipses, historical events and lunar phase - calculation etc.

We find that arranged chronological tables during Koryeo and Choseon Dynasty are somewhat different from those of China and Japan. In addition, we calculate the Solar calendar and Luni-solar calendar during 1900-2050 using DE200 package.

Now we construct the database system with above data, during A.D. 918 - 2050 and many people will get information of the calendar date which they want using our DB system based on Internet.

(1) Koryeo-sa : The annals of Koryeo dynasty(A.D. 918- 1392) in KOREA.
(2) Choseon Wangjosillok: The annals of the Choseon dynasty(A.D. 1392-1910) in KOREA.

P-12. Algorithm "Skeleton, Segments, Trace" (SST) for digitizing the analog geophysical records
A. Burtsev, Center of Geophysical Data Studies and Telematics Applications IPE RAS, Russia
A.D.-Gvishiani, Director of the Center of Geophysical Data Studies and Telematics Applications IPE RAS, Russia
M.N.-Zhizhin, Center of Geophysical Data Studies and Telematics Applications IPE RAS, Russia

There are a lot of essential seismic records had been fixed on analog medium but they cannot be used in automatic analysis procedures, because ones require time series. To solve the problem we have developed mathematical algorithm SST and applied it to create graphic application to transfer analog records to the digital time series. The algorithm combines five stages: image quantization, skeletonizing, segmentation, building trace, and the last one, interpolation retrieved trajectory to correspond it with physical measurement. First stage covered all preliminary image processing to make it ready for skeletonizing. To build image skeleton and retrieve linear structure methods of mathematical morphology or distance transform are used. Then nodes of the skeleton are removed to have a set of primitives. To build trace we select and join linear structure covered the trace of the analog recorder pen (dynamic programming is used to find required primitives and set their order).

P-13. The Mackenzie GEWEX Study Data Archive: An Enhanced Dataset for Climate modelling
Robert W. Crawford, Meteorological Service of Canada, Canada

The Mackenzie GEWEX Study (MAGS) is aimed at improving our understanding and prediction of the role of water and energy cycles in the climatic system in the Mackenzie River basin. The goals of the MAGS Data Management system are to establish, maintain, describe, and promote accessibility and distribution of the data sets necessary to meet the MAGS objectives in the data sparse Mackenzie River basin. These goals are being met by MAGS in a number of ways: through the availability of data and information through the World-Wide Web; through the production of specialized data products; and through the development of policies to govern data exchange and participant interactions.

The MAGS web site is the primary method of providing information on the activities and data collected in the project for its many participants in universities and government offices across Canada as well as for the outside world. Visitors to the site have access to over 300 pages of information describing the objectives, background, status, and clients for the project. In addition, nearly 1 Gb of data collected in the study area is available through the site.

Additional data is available to MAGS participants through the "Participant's Only" section. Selected data sets are available there in near real time. These include satellite imagery and enhanced observations from the MAGS surface sites and buoys. The GOES imagery is received every 12 hours and the AVHRR data is received within 30 minutes of capture. The enhanced data sets from the surface sites are transmitted daily and contain enhanced temporal resolution data (for example, 15 minute pressure measurements) and non-standard measurements (such as soil temperatures).

Special CD-ROM archives of the datasets collected during a specific case studies and about scientifically interesting processes within the basin are also being produced by MAGS. These archives will provide a lasting resource for future climate change studies.
This paper will describe the contents, structure and utility of the MAGS Data Archive in conducting multi-disciplinary climate research.

P-14. Background Radiation Level at Tinbhangle (Nepal)
B. R. Shah, Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal
H.Rahaman, Department of Mines and Geology, Kathmandu, Nepal

A radiometric survey was carried out to measure the background radiation level in the Eastern and Central part of Nepal in order to prepare radiation map of Nepal.The paper presents survey data taken with two equipments LB 1200 and GAD-1. The dose rates in air at the most places vary in the region of 13-20uR/h while they were found from 50uR/h to 1mR/h at Tinbhangle location. Moreover, the differential counts recorded for Uranium, Thorium, Potassium and Total Count were found 90-145, 0-10,80-130 and 7000-9000 cps. respectively. This preliminary radiometric survey clearly reveals that the annual exposure at the bed rock of Tinbhangle location is around 800 mR, which is fairly a high value in comparison to other places stated elsewhere. In addition to high doserates , a higher count of uranium among other radionuclides provide the greater possibility of uraniferous rock.