•Technical
–Protocols for interoperability; quality of data
•Institutional and Managerial
–Coordination [responsibility] within countries (nodes) for national institutions for funding and activities,
e.g. funding to digitize
data and develop interoperable databases. Done by country [flexibility].
•Budgetary
–Funding levels and cycles need to be substantial enough to develop software for heterogeneous users and uses (e.g. the public)[efficiency, sustainability]]
•Legal and Policy
–Issues of ownership and IPR are barriers to moving data across boundaries. Non technical.
•Cultural and Behavioral
–Access to biodiversity data - benefit to the community but the value of data access needs to be reflected in reward and incentive structures; attribution, trust.