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The National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of
Medicine and the American Association for the Advancement of Science gave a
joint statement in the same House discussion on database protection
(Lederberg 1999). “Thus, freedom of inquiry, the open availability of
scientific data, and the open publication of results are cornerstones of our
research system that US law and tradition have long upheld”. Hence, full and
open access to data is the basic principle for many scientific institutions in the U.S.
Lederberg, citing the Bits of Power report (NAS 1997), defined full and open
as follows: “by full and open we mean that data and information derived from
publicly funded research are made available with as few restrictions as
possible, on a non-discriminatory basis, for no more than the cost of
reproduction and dissemination”.
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